Double Reduvia is fun tho. Dual Reduvia would be better on an Arcane focused build, but MCS would be the better option for someone with a heavier Dex investment. Just depends on your character. They are incomparable. tbh both are extremely different weapons, but I like don't like the CGS moveset so I prefer reduvia.Mix that up with a +9-+10 reduvia and around 60 arcane and every boss just fucking melts like regular hollows. To begin with, I've played most of the game after finishing Ranni's questline early around level 50 as an int glass cannon with MLGS and greatshield skeleton ashes until Malaketh.I love the reduvia. It staggers enemies pretty well, has extremely quick attacks, procs bleed which is a super strong status affliction, and has a killer weapon art. The weapon art makes up for the lack of range. Plus it only costs 4fp, so you can spam the hell out of it.Today I'll Be Showing you how to get the "Reduvia" bloody dagger but you do have to take out an invader to get it...but no worries i got you covered enjoy.#E...My Reduvia dagger stat requirements changed. I got the dagger after killing the dude. Got the dagger and was running around using it all is good. After playing for a couple hours and a break and going back on. For the first time the entire time I played the game I actually connected online and it's all good.The Reduvia of Elden Ring is a dagger that scales with Strength and Dexterity, making it a good weapon for melee users who desire to backstab their opponents while also having some ranged strikes. This weapon is very powerful in terms of damage and attack speed with a limited range. Jagged dagger with a distinctive curled blade.Reduvia +9 is just shy of 100 bleed for me and Misericorde +24 at over 110. I have 60 arcane. Reduvia has the advantage of it not taking your hp for the ash skill but once you have enough vigor it isn’t as big of a deal if your aren’t constant using it on everything.This Elden Ring early game weapon is possibly the best, at least from a coolness factor. This is one of the coolest Elden Ring weapons in the game.Socials:Tw...The reduvia is a great weapon, and the ranged blood beam is so useful for everything. Finishing off enemies, keeping bleed from deteriorating, catching people trying to Flask heal... But I just got Blood Blade, the RANGED blood Ash. It's EXACTLY like the Reduvia! Except it takes a SMALL bit of HP to activate (But no extra to spam), and it's 3FP ...The Reduvia Dagger is an amazing unique dagger that is fast, procs bleed on hit and last but not least, has a very powerful unique skill that fires a blood projective from rather long range that deals good damage AND a hefty stack of bleed as well. Getting it is simple and can be done as soon as the start of the game. In this video, we take a look at a highly suggested weapons that the comments have been screaming out for!Of course, if you happen to like this video, do hit... Reduvia is a melee armament in Elden Ring. Dropped by Bloody Finger Nerijus near Murkwater Cave once defeated. The Reduvia is upgraded with Somber Smithing Stones. The Reduvia cannot have its affinities altered using Ashes of War or Whetblades.Mar 4, 2022 · Reduvia Stats – Best Elden Ring Early Dagger. The main thing about the Reduvia dagger is that it causes bleed buildup. Once an enemy has enough bleed built up on them, the bleed will hemorrhage and they’ll take significant damage. It also scales with Arcane as well as Dexterity and Strength. Its damage output will be significantly higher ... Ideally you'll want 80 Dex, 60 Vig, 40 End. Weapons: Left Hand: Scorpion Sting Dagger +10. Right Hand 1: Scorpion's Sting Dagger +10. Right Hand 2: Any Dagger with Bloodhound's Step, I recommend Wakizashi for the free bleed or Erdsteel Dagger for Elden Bling purposes. You will rarely be attacking with this one, aside from a rare split-second ...reduvia f (genitive reduviae); first declension. hangnail (on the finger) ( figuratively) remnant, remainder.#EldenRing #EldenRingNews #EldenRingUpdateElden Ring - OP WEAPON LOCATION! Reduvia Blood Dagger!Become a member on the channel …Seems kinda wasteful to have reduvia and the black knife, might wanna drop the secondary so you can be light with better armour since reduvia primarily goes off arcane. As for armour really just whatever can give you the most poise so really it would be high arcane with high endurance and of course however much health you think you’ll need. Mix that up with a +9-+10 reduvia and around 60 arcane and every boss just fucking melts like regular hollows. To begin with, I've played most of the game after finishing Ranni's questline early around level 50 as an int glass cannon with MLGS and greatshield skeleton ashes until Malaketh. Reduvia is the strongest bleed weapon ingame, aleast the aow is. If you hit both blade and projectile you bleed things in 1 hit. I made the rp build for nerijus once and having only 1 reduvia is technically stronger for purely bleed, 3 hits vs 4-5 when dual wielded. You will struggle vs enemies immune to bleed and avatars, gargoyles etc are ...Reduvia +9 is just shy of 100 bleed for me and Misericorde +24 at over 110. I have 60 arcane. Reduvia has the advantage of it not taking your hp for the ash skill but once you have enough vigor it isn’t as big of a deal if your aren’t constant using it on everything.Also no, you want to focus more on Arcane. My highest to lowest is Arcane (45), Vigor, Mind, Faith, Endurance, Dexterity (22), Strength and lastly Intelligence. Bleed scales with Arcane so for a Bleed build you want more Arcane. Especially for dual Reduvia as they scale 1:1 with Arcane. 2. The Reduvia of Elden Ring is a dagger that scales with Strength and Dexterity, making it a good weapon for melee users who desire to backstab their opponents while also having some ranged strikes. This weapon is very powerful in terms of damage and attack speed with a limited range. Jagged dagger with a distinctive curled blade. I did a Reduvia main run and it’s skill carried me for the whole game yes, recommend getting good at parrying for some late game bosses or second handing a fire damage dagger or something to overwhelm higher HP bosses later. Reduvia is the strongest bleed weapon ingame, aleast the aow is.Players must explore and fight their way through the vast open-world to unite all the shards, restore the Elden Ring, and become Elden Lord. Elden Ring was directed by Hidetaka Miyazaki and made in collaboration with George R. R. Martin. It was developed by FromSoft and published by Bandai Namco. there's only one thing better than One Reduvia.L2, but you can't be wielding a shield or other offhand weapon unless you give it the "no skill" ash. You can either dual wield another dagger or 2 hand the blood blade. The L2 trigger should then do the skill. If you have a shield, you can give the shield the "no skill" ash of war, then you should be able to do the skill with the shield equipped.Reduvia. Reduvia. Another early-game weapon in Elden Ring, Reduvia is the clear-cut best dagger players can wield in the Lands Between. Dexterity builds will be hard-pressed to find a weapon that ...Reduvia: Perhaps the best part about Reduvia is that it's available in the early game. It drops after players defeat the invader Bloody Finger Nerijus, and its value is immediately apparent. It ...Hey all, thanks for watching! This is a fun build. This footage is from max scaling/NG+7. For this we’ll need:-Dual Reduvias or 1 + dagger of choice-Any seal...Reduvia is a Dagger that mainly relies on data scaling such as Strength, Dexterity, and Arcane. The weapon skill for this weapon is called Reduvia Blood Blade. With this ability, you can launch Bloodstains on your Dagger into the air, causing enemies to bleed more. And the cumulative amount per attack is higher than the weapon’s melee …Left trigger uses reduvia's skill instead of the great knife's. Parry in the left hand seems to override any other skill. I actually use the Reduvia in my LH and Great Knife in my RH to retain Quickstep and bleed with both weapons. Misericorde in RH2 and Parrying Dagger in LH2 for parrying and riposte.In questa guida completa per Elden Ring vi spiego come trovare il pugnale "Reduvia" la corazza di cuoio e la lancia +7. Buona visione. Iscriviti al cana...Black knife is DoT Holy with temporary percentage damage while reduvia is just bleed. They’re both average in PvP, but the DoT can still proc even if they roll through it and bleed proc can be ignored if you roll at the right time, so technically the black knife is better for PvP. Black Knife's Ash of War is holy damage and it has a damage ...Reduvia scales really well off Arcane, so that should be your main stat. For other off-hand options: well, you could get a second Reduvia via trading. The Bloodstained Dagger and …How To Get It (Location & Guide) Today I'll Be Showing you how to get the "Reduvia" bloody dagger but you do have to take out an invader to get it...but no worries …Mar 4, 2022 · Reduvia Stats – Best Elden Ring Early Dagger. The main thing about the Reduvia dagger is that it causes bleed buildup. Once an enemy has enough bleed built up on them, the bleed will hemorrhage and they’ll take significant damage. It also scales with Arcane as well as Dexterity and Strength. Its damage output will be significantly higher ... There’s no age limit when it comes to the need to protect your skin from the sun. In fact, your odds of developing skin cancer actually rise as you age; nearly 50 percent of Americ...#EldenRing #EldenRingNews #EldenRingUpdateElden Ring - OP WEAPON LOCATION! Reduvia Blood Dagger!Become a member on the channel …With Reduvia you're stuck with it. So if you want arcane, you go with it for build up and you need 60 of it. Otherwise it's just a waste. Might as well find a weapon with innate bleed and just add int/dex scaling to it instead. -2.The reduvia blood blade or the bloody slash? Currently on godrick and having a hard time with him. I'm relying heavily on my reduvia bloodblade a for damage since it's hard to get in close on his secound phase didn't know if maybe the bloody slash would be better. No reason to dual wield two weapons with the same weapon art. Reduvia is special only because of the unique WA, its other stats are not. Pick up blood slash, and have fun bullying the PVE content. Dual wielding reduvia is great if u commit to a bit of arcane shreds everything especially w the mimic tear summon . We are BACK! It's been a year since Elden Ring has come out. To celebrate the occasion I bring you a REDUVIA dagger guide. With this quick and easy tutorial ...Where to get the Reduvia Dagger in Elden Ring.#EldenRingFeb 27, 2022 ... Today I'll Be Showing you how to get the "Reduvia" bloody dagger but you do have to take out an invader to get it...but no worries i got you ...Talk to Yura by the Seaside Ruins Site of Grace (Optional). 2. Defeat Flying Dragon Agheel (Optional). 3. Talk to Yura again (Optional). 4. Defeat Bloody Finger Nerijus when he invades outside ...Feb 26, 2022 · This Elden Ring early game weapon is possibly the best, at least from a coolness factor. This is one of the coolest Elden Ring weapons in the game.Socials:Tw... This is the subreddit for the Elden Ring gaming community. Elden Ring is an action RPG which takes place in the Lands Between, sometime after the Shattering of the titular Elden Ring.Reduvia is a must for every dextery build, and for all others that can or want to provide 13 dex and 13 arc. Song of praise end :P6: the whole point of the weapon is to be used by arcane builds, since the bleed built up increases with arcane, you are just wasting points in arcane just to use this, just use any bleed weapon you get if dex buildFala little amigles, aqui soy yo: Djobix! Continuando meus testes de build de sangramento no Elden Ring, agora bora atrás da adaga Reduvia! Ela é muito boa,... At 60 arcane, my Reduvia +5 was dealing almost 200 a hit with minimal investment into Dex. Arcane ABSOLUTELY increases it's physical damage, while also increasing the bleed buildup. Highly recommend going pure arcane and health early, you get so much stamina in this game and the dagger attacks use so little, you pretty much never need to ... Jump down onto the lava level and go back up the slope to the cage area. Head up the northeastern cage lift and to the right is a Somber Smithing Stone (5). Head up the stairs, making sure to avoid getting hit by the enemy here. Activate the bridge shortcut in the northwest to be able to reach the next smithing stone.Nov 8, 2021 · Reduvia blood blade has huge bleed buildup from range. Possibly the best bleed weapon in the game after the bleed nerf. Black Blade is the best way to start a boss fight as the ash knocks a chunk of health off the boss with one hit. Left trigger uses reduvia's skill instead of the great knife's. Parry in the left hand seems to override any other skill. I actually use the Reduvia in my LH and Great Knife in my RH to retain Quickstep and bleed with both weapons. Misericorde in RH2 and Parrying Dagger in LH2 for parrying and riposte.Mar 11, 2022 ... Share your videos with friends, family, and the world.This is the subreddit for the Elden Ring gaming community. Elden Ring is an action RPG which takes place in the Lands Between, sometime after the Shattering of the titular Elden Ring.Musk is confident that TruthGPT will restore trust and safety to AI Twitter CEO Elon Musk has confirmed that he will build an AI model to counter ChatGPT, the popular AI chatbot ba...Bandits have plenty of equipment to choose from, whether it be a weapon or armor type. Some of the more popular choices for weapons, however, are Reduvia and a Shortbow. The Reduvia Blood Blade skill allows players to transform blood stains into blood blades that can cause bleeding, while the Shortbow can be used to apply poison arrows.Taking the reduvia into duels and invasions to test its combat capability🎮 TWITCH https://www.twitch.tv/chasethebroyt📱 DISCORD https://discord.gg/WsEBDuX...The Reduvia dagger is different. The dagger looks like it belongs inside some insidious eldritch abomination and has the power to match. The dagger has a weapon skill known as Reduvia Blood Blade. This skill takes your concept of a dagger and marries it with the word “range.” Allowing you to launch blood projectiles up to a short distance ...Reduvia Dagger, porté par les serviteurs de Lord of Blood, est une arme enduite de sang. La forme incurvée spécifique du poignard en fait une arme très utile pour poignarder. Pour trouver Reduvia Dagger, dirigez-vous vers la grotte de Murkwater à Limgrave. Vous n’avez pas à vous soucier de trouver la grotte par vous-même, car nous ...A special version of this Skill, the Reduvia Blood Blade, can be acquired by equipping the Reduvia dagger. Elden Ring Blood Blade Guide, Notes & Tips. This is an Ash of War Skill, associated with the Ash of War: Blood Blade. FP Cost: 3; Deals 9 stance damage per slash; This Skill is not Chargeable, but can be used repeatedly without …Level: 30 Current states: Vigor: 14 Mind: 23 Endurance: 9 Strength: 8 Dex: 13 Int: 28 Faith: 7 Arcane: 9. The cool thing about Reduvia is that you can easily get a second one and dual wield it early-mid game if you have a friend to play with. 431 Runes (NG, Co-op) Other Drops: Reduvia. Bloody Finger Nerijus is an Invading NPC Phantom in Elden Ring. He is one of the many Bloody Fingers that can invade the player's world, wielding two daggers that can deal heavy Blood Loss build-up. If it isn't Nerijus, The Bloody Finger. The end is nigh. Jan 2, 2023 ... I do all this live join me... Twitch - https://www.twitch.tv/lostmysanity47 Mysterious Links Leading to Eclectic Places Twitch ...Skill: Reduvia Blood Blade. Erdsteel Dagger Screenshot by Gamepur. Kenneth Haight gives this as a reward for clearing out Fort Haight in east Limgrave. Also found North-West of the Avenue Balcony ...My Reduvia dagger stat requirements changed. I got the dagger after killing the dude. Got the dagger and was running around using it all is good. After playing for a couple hours and a break and going back on. For the first time the entire time I played the game I actually connected online and it's all good.Motorcycle towing safety should be observed when your towing on a motorcycle. Learn more about motorcycle towing safety at HowStuffWorks. Advertisement Larry loved his Harley-David...Hemorrhage is a Status Effect in Elden Ring . Status Effects are various buffs or ailments that apply either a beneficial or detrimental effect to the target. Status Effects can be applied on both enemies and players alike. Status Effects are triggered after a buildup meter is filled by repeated application of attacks that cause the effect.Hey all, thanks for watching! This is a fun build. This footage is from max scaling/NG+7. For this we’ll need:-Dual Reduvias or 1 + dagger of choice-Any seal...Good Ashes of War for Daggers (Currently using Reduvia) Discussion & Info. Title. 1. Sort by: Add a Comment. [deleted] • 2 yr. ago.Reduvia’s unique weapon skill lets you fire off blood projectiles, and its normal strikes will also cause Bleed build-up. Because this is a special weapon, however, it cannot be buffed with ...Get ratings and reviews for the top 12 pest companies in West Rancho Dominguez, CA. Helping you find the best pest companies for the job. Expert Advice On Improving Your Home All P..."Mr Buffett and myself are a little bit different," Masayoshi Son said. "I'm still making some craziness." Jump to SoftBank CEO Masayoshi Son wants the Japanese conglomerate to be ..."This Reduvia Build MELTS EVERYTHING!" - Elden Ring - New OP Build! Jazza97. 19K subscribers. Subscribed. 2.3K. 181K views 8 months ago. In this video, we take a look at …144. 5.6K views 2 months ago #eldenringbuild #EldenRing #gaming. THE MOST LETHAL BLEED BUILD EARLY GAME! AFTER PATCH .. You will be able to BEAT THE GAME in no time with this build! INSANE DAMAGE!... Reduvia is a must for every dextery build, and for all others that can or want to provide 13 dex and 13 arc. Song of praise end :P6: the whole point of the weapon is to be used by arcane builds, since the bleed built up increases with arcane, you are just wasting points in arcane just to use this, just use any bleed weapon you get if dex build #EldenRing #EldenRingNews #EldenRingUpdateElden Ring - OP WEAPON LOCATION! Reduvia Blood Dagger!Become a member on the channel now!:https://www.youtube.com/c...Reduvia is a unique weapon in Elden Ring that causes hemorrhaging and scales with Dexterity, Strength and Arcane. It is a …The Reduvia is the Black Knife on steroids. It scales off of Dexterity and Arcane, builds bleed faster than any other Dagger, and has a fantastic Weapon Art, Reduvia Bloodblade. Similar to the Black Knife, Reduvia Bloodblade fires out a projective that deals heavy damage. Unlike the Black Knife, the Weapon Art is incredibly fast and can be cast ... It's very good, has a Ranged spell that applies bleed too. It's still a dagger though, so in general it's just got a lot of drawbacks because of the tiny range. In my experience daggers are good VS bosses because you can generally get in melee range, but against groups of trash mobs you really want some extra reach. Reduvia is a melee armament in Elden Ring. Dropped by Bloody Finger Nerijus near Murkwater Cave once defeated. The Reduvia is upgraded with Somber Smithing Stones. The Reduvia cannot have its affinities altered using Ashes of War or Whetblades.Wgt. 2 .5. Passive. (50) Reduvia is a Dagger in Elden Ring. The Reduvia scales with Strength, Dexterity, and Arcane. It is one of the first weapons the player can acquire that scales with Arcane and is exceptional at inflicting Blood Loss on targets. Jagged dagger with a distinctive curled blade.Jump down onto the lava level and go back up the slope to the cage area. Head up the northeastern cage lift and to the right is a Somber Smithing Stone (5). Head up the stairs, making sure to avoid getting hit by the enemy here. Activate the bridge shortcut in the northwest to be able to reach the next smithing stone.With Reduvia you're stuck with it. So if you want arcane, you go with it for build up and you need 60 of it. Otherwise it's just a waste. Might as well find a weapon with innate bleed and just add int/dex scaling to it instead. -2.Reduvia bleeds enemies faster, Uchigatana does more damage. It's up to you to decide which you prefer. Regardless of all that, you can respec your stats later in the game. No need to start again unless it's really bothering you. After Rennala you will be able to respec.IjussPWNTyew. •. Arcane matters for Reduvia, you don't need str or dex for it to wreck end game because of the speed of the strike and the bloodloss buildup you accrue with the arcane soft cap. This however doesn't permeate into Scorpion's stinger since it has no arcane scaling. Your best bet with both of these daggers to make a viable build ...The Panama Canal has been an engineering wonder since it opened in the 1900s. HowStuffWorks looks at its history and how it changed maritime trade. Advertisement In the heated jung...Mix that up with a +9-+10 reduvia and around 60 arcane and every boss just fucking melts like regular hollows. To begin with, I've played most of the game after finishing Ranni's questline early around level 50 as an int glass cannon with MLGS and greatshield skeleton ashes until Malaketh.Reduvia is a dagger that accumulates bleedingso as you hit your opponents, you will be able to trigger a bleed which will remove a significant amount of life points in a single blow. Although your character needs 5 points in Strength, 13 points in Dexterity, and 13 points in Esotericism, it is best to improve the latter stat to increase your ...Nov 8, 2021 · Reduvia blood blade has huge bleed buildup from range. Possibly the best bleed weapon in the game after the bleed nerf. Black Blade is the best way to start a boss fight as the ash knocks a chunk of health off the boss with one hit.
I'll let you do the math. At max, reduvia has slightly better combined dex+arc scaling, but its gonna have less bleed build up than your average blood infused weapon. Misericorde can use a variety of weapons arts including Reduvia's weapon art and has way higher crit (140 vs 110) and bleed can be turned off for more damage situationally (blood .... Air quality index medina
Mix that up with a +9-+10 reduvia and around 60 arcane and every boss just fucking melts like regular hollows. To begin with, I've played most of the game after finishing Ranni's questline early around level 50 as an int glass cannon with MLGS and greatshield skeleton ashes until Malaketh.For those trying to hunt down the Reduvia dagger, you’ll have to visit a specific location and endure an encounter to grab it. This guide covers how to get the Reduvia dagger in Elden Ring.An inductor is little more than a coil of wire. Sound simple? Well, it is -- but that coil of wire can do some pretty cool things! Learn all about inductors! Advertisement An induc...Where to get the Reduvia Dagger in Elden Ring.#EldenRingAlthough Reduvia will have a slightly higher damage but with 99 arcane stats, Reduvia can only do 99 blood loss build up while Bloodstained does 117. Early game, Reduvia is fun to play with but the weapon 'ashes of war' is 'Blood Blade'. The skill have a slow cast, short range and weak damage, plus it doesnt give you additional survivability ...Reduvia Blood Blade is a unique weapon skill in Elden Ring. Read on to know more about this skill including Reduvia Blood Blade's effect, balance changes, and how to use it! List of Contents. Reduvia Blood Blade Effect. Weapons with Default Reduvia Blood Blade Skill. How to Use Reduvia Blood Blade.Black knife is DoT Holy with temporary percentage damage while reduvia is just bleed. They’re both average in PvP, but the DoT can still proc even if they roll through it and bleed proc can be ignored if you roll at the right time, so technically the black knife is better for PvP. Black Knife's Ash of War is holy damage and it has a damage ...Rivers is better now. Was curious about reduvia dagger myself and if it’s still a solid weapon. I only have one and was off handing the bandits knife with it. Rivers of Blood will probably get nerfed to the ground next patch so I'd keep that in mind if I were you.Jun 23, 2022 · Jump down onto the lava level and go back up the slope to the cage area. Head up the northeastern cage lift and to the right is a Somber Smithing Stone (5). Head up the stairs, making sure to avoid getting hit by the enemy here. Activate the bridge shortcut in the northwest to be able to reach the next smithing stone. Feb 16, 2023 · """""請訂閱支持"""""00:00「惡兆妖鬼」馬爾基特00:33「接肢」葛瑞克01:28 「碎星」拉塔恩02:12 「初始之王」葛孚雷03:03 「惡兆王」蒙葛特03:48 火焰巨人 ... Dual Reduvia or Hookclaws for bleed build? Doing a bleed/dex build and right now considering which of the two to invest more into. Hookclaws have been feeling really strong but the Reduvia also has the range bleed (and looks sweet as hell).Meh personally think the Reduvia is overrated even for a dagger build. Get 2 giant knives, stick bloody slash on them and you have more bleed building in your combo's than the reduvia offers. Sure the Reduvia's weapon art is good but thats all it's got going for it really. Last edited by DaciValt ; Mar 23, 2022 @ 6:27am.How To Get It (Location & Guide) Today I'll Be Showing you how to get the "Reduvia" bloody dagger but you do have to take out an invader to get it...but no worries …The Reduvia Dagger is an amazing unique dagger that is fast, procs bleed on hit and last but not least, has a very powerful unique skill that fires a blood projective from rather long range that deals good damage AND a hefty stack of bleed as well. Getting it is simple and can be done as soon as the start of the game. Voici où trouver La dague Reduvia : https://youtu.be/31WV2uCwpYAOn Obtient la dague Reduvia en battant le Doigt Sanglant, Nejirus.Il va vous envahir dans la... Mix that up with a +9-+10 reduvia and around 60 arcane and every boss just fucking melts like regular hollows. To begin with, I've played most of the game after finishing Ranni's questline early around level 50 as an int glass cannon with MLGS and greatshield skeleton ashes until Malaketh. Mar 6, 2022 · The Reduvia Dagger is a capable weapon that scales well with Dexterity and Arcane early on and can do some serious damage in the right hands thanks to its Skill. Blood Blade will allow players to ... reduvia f (genitive reduviae); first declension. hangnail (on the finger) ( figuratively) remnant, remainder.So I put away the reduvia and kept the scorpion.) It's working pretty well so far scarlet rot chance build up and the damage over time from the black knife are pretty wonderful. I'm pretty much going for status effects or something that just packs a hell of a punch off hand if that helps your recommendation. Reply.So I put away the reduvia and kept the scorpion.) It's working pretty well so far scarlet rot chance build up and the damage over time from the black knife are pretty wonderful. I'm pretty much going for status effects or something that just packs a hell of a punch off hand if that helps your recommendation. Reply..